Delta Farms Regenerative Animal Husbandry

Provenance

Sources

430 sources underpinning this course, and which lessons rely on each. Where we could not verify a claim, the lesson says so in the text rather than quietly smoothing it over.

  1. 3tres3 South Africa, 7 May 2026 — FMD and ASF drive heavy losses in South Africa 3tres3.com Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
  2. 64 years of annual burning at Ukulinga reduced soil carbon and nitrogen, Global Change Biology 2021 onlinelibrary.wiley.com Used in: The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned, Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks
  3. 71point4 — black soldier fly and the regulatory position in South Africa 71point4.com Used in: Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics
  4. A Greener World South Africa — Animal Welfare Approved pig standards agreenerworld.org.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product, Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law, Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  5. A Greener World technical advice fact sheet TAFS 16 — Nose Ringing Pigs agreenerworld.org Used in: Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law
  6. A review of mineral imbalances of grazing animals in southern Africa journals.co.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal
  7. Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act 33 of 1997 gov.za Used in: Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist
  8. ABSA Agri Trends — livestock and fibre agrink.co.za Used in: The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling
  9. Acaricide resistance in R. microplus on King Sabata Dalindyebo communal farms ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping
  10. Adeleke, B.A. (2020), Bioeconomic feasibility of aquaponics in South Africa, PhD thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal researchspace.ukzn.ac.za Used in: Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  11. AFMA summary of the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act 36 of 1947 afma.co.za Used in: Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics
  12. AFP/IOL — global mohair supply, 27 March 2026 iol.co.za Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  13. African Farming — 'SA pig farming: the past, present and future', 23 April 2025 africanfarming.com Used in: Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
  14. African Farming — conservation model unlocks R134 million for communal livestock farmers (11 July 2026) africanfarming.com Used in: Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  15. African Farming — FMD: pig industry seeks answers, 7 January 2026 africanfarming.com Used in: ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol, Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  16. African Farming — live goat market demand at Easter, December and mid-winter (April 2025) africanfarming.com Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market, Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  17. African Farming — record kid mohair price, June 2026 africanfarming.com Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  18. African Farming, 14 July 2025 — stock theft statistics africanfarming.com Used in: The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species, Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does
  19. African Farming, 22 October 2025 — OBP R100 million deficit and lower vaccine output africanfarming.com Used in: Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law, Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  20. African Farming, Possible record price for female ostrich, 2 June 2026 africanfarming.com Used in: Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy, Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings
  21. AfriForum — stock theft costs agriculture at least R200 million in one quarter, 6 June 2025 artikels.afriforum.co.za Used in: Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere
  22. Agribook — dairy goats and sheep agribook.co.za Used in: Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position
  23. Agribook — goats and mohair agribook.co.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision, Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  24. Agribook — meat goats agribook.co.za Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market
  25. Agribook — Mutton and lamb (sheep) agribook.co.za Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed
  26. Agribook — ostriches agribook.co.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?
  27. Agribook — poultry chapter agribook.co.za Used in: Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics
  28. Agribook — what South Africa can learn from the 2023 avian influenza outbreaks agribook.co.za Used in: HPAI and the Predator Tax
  29. Agribook — wildlife on farms and predation agribook.co.za Used in: Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  30. Agribook — wildlife ranching agribook.co.za Used in: Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully, Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse
  31. Agribook — Wool (sheep) agribook.co.za Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed, Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species
  32. AgriCarbon South Africa — how it works agricarbon.co.za Used in: Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  33. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment — ecological risks of outdoor pig fattening in organic farming sciencedirect.com Used in: Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law
  34. AgriOrbit — consolidated red meat price table agriorbit.com Used in: Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
  35. AgriOrbit — The Animal Diseases Act: control of sheep scab agriorbit.com Used in: Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
  36. AgriOrbit — wool versus mutton: real profitability in the Central Karoo from 2012 to 2019 agriorbit.com Used in: The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species
  37. Agroinsurance (21 June 2019) — South African farmers cut back on multi-peril crop insurance agroinsurance.com Used in: The Written Drought Trigger, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  38. AHDB — dairy calf management ahdb.org.uk Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law
  39. Ahmed U.A. et al., 'Seroprevalence and distribution of bovine and porcine cysticercosis in rural Mpumalanga', OJVR 2026;93(1):a2261 scielo.org.za Used in: ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol
  40. Akram et al. 2025, Nutrient requirements and feeding management for ostrich, Poultry Science pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing
  41. Alien and Invasive Species Lists, 2020 — GN 1003, GG 43726, 18 September 2020 gov.za Used in: Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  42. allAfrica, June 2026 — FMD in South Africa and tracking systems allafrica.com Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report
  43. Amblyomma hebraeum predominant on goats in the Mnisi Community Area, Mpumalanga pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  44. Anchor Environmental / DEA — Towards a policy on indigenous bush encroachment in South Africa (2019) anchorenvironmental.co.za Used in: Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law
  45. Animal Diseases Act 35 of 1984 eccogta.gov.za Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist, Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow
  46. Animal Diseases Regulations, GN R.2026 of 26 September 1986, as amended badenhorstauctioneers.co.za Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law, Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill, Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law, Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law, ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  47. Animal Identification Act 6 of 2002 (gov.za text) gov.za Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  48. Animal Identification Regulations amendment GN R.60, 2 February 2007 (pigs) faolex.fao.org Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill
  49. Animal Identification Regulations GN R.1683, GG 25732, 21 November 2003 nda.gov.za Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill
  50. Animals Protection Act 71 of 1962 — CER virtual library cer.org.za Used in: Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List, Rabbits: the Enterprise With No Lawful Route
  51. Animals Protection Act 71 of 1962 and regulations animallaw.info Used in: Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling, Draught Oxen and Animal Traction, Rabbits: the Enterprise With No Lawful Route, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  52. Anipedia (University of Pretoria) — Bovine babesiosis anipedia.up.ac.za Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture
  53. Antibiotic resistance in livestock and wildlife farming in South Africa (review) scielo.org.za Used in: Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law
  54. Apidologie 2006 — Infestation levels of A. m. scutellata swarms by socially parasitic Cape honeybee workers apidologie.org Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  55. Aquaponics Direct — tilapia grower feed, 4 mm aquaponicsdirect.co.za Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  56. ARC-Animal Production, Irene — effect of breed type and castration on carcass characteristics pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market
  57. ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute — Tick-borne disease vaccines FAQ (Spickett & Potgieter) arc.agric.za Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture, Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping, Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  58. Assessment of genetic diversity and conservation in SA indigenous goat ecotypes (2022) pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market
  59. Avenant (DAFF Land Use & Soil Management), long-term grazing capacity norms for South Africa docslib.org Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  60. Barends-Jones V., 'Overview of the South African pork industry, Part 2', AgriProbe Vol 20 No 2, 2023 (Elsenburg) elsenburg.com Used in: Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  61. Bazaruto Seafood — whole tilapia bazarutoseafood.co.za Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  62. Bergh, L. (2004) — Breeding seasons for beef cattle in South Africa, ARC-Animal Improvement Institute sasas.co.za Used in: Building a Fodder Flow Budget, Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm
  63. Bhive — DALRRD beekeeper registration form (2022) bhive.co.za Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  64. Bigalke — Lamsiekte (botulism): solving the aetiology riddle, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association journals.jsava.aosis.co.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal
  65. Brand 2000 — Small Ruminant Research, grazing behaviour and diet selection by Dorper sheep sciencedirect.com Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed
  66. Brand, van der Merwe & Hoffman (2020), South African Journal of Animal Science 50(4) — ostrich growth and intake, Oudtshoorn scielo.org.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing
  67. Broom D.M. et al., 'The use of nose-rings in pigs', Animal Welfare cambridge.org Used in: Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law
  68. Bud Williams Stockmanship stockmanship.com Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question
  69. Buffalo Veterinary Procedural Notice, DALRRD (March 2017) dlrrd.gov.za Used in: Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse
  70. Business Day, 22 December 2025 — foot-and-mouth outbreak costs the livestock sector R5.6bn in lost export revenue businessday.co.za Used in: Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series
  71. Business Report, 23 July 2026 — pork prices tumble as South Africa grapples with market oversupply businessreport.co.za Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality, Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  72. Cape Karoo International capekarooint.com Used in: Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy
  73. Cape Wools SA — market report capewools.co.za Used in: Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species
  74. Cape Wools SA — South African sustainability standards for a comfier woolly future capewools.co.za Used in: Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI
  75. Cape Wools SA — Sustainable Cape Wool Standard capewools.co.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product, Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI
  76. CapeNature — Certificate of Adequate Enclosure capenature.co.za Used in: Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully
  77. CapeNature, 2025 — Young leopard dies after being caught in gin traps near Heidelberg capenature.co.za Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  78. Carbon Herald, 26 January 2026 — first Verra CCB-labelled grassland carbon credits carbonherald.com Used in: SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget
  79. Carbon Tax Act 15 of 2019 (gov.za) gov.za Used in: Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget
  80. CarbonCredits.com — South Africa's Verra-certified grassland carbon credits carboncredits.com Used in: Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  81. Champneys et al. 2020, Hydrobiologia — invasive Nile tilapia dominates a threatened indigenous tilapia in competition over shelter doi.org Used in: Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  82. Chaudhry, Al-Sharif & Hamdi 2005, Severe ocular trauma caused by an ostrich, British Journal of Ophthalmology 89(2) pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy
  83. Cheetah Outreach Trust — End of Year Report 2025 cheetahoutreachtrust.co.za Used in: Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  84. Christison, K.W. (2019), 'Building a sustainable aquaculture industry in South Africa: the role of biosecurity', Rev. Sci. Tech. 38(2) doi.org Used in: Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  85. Cloete, Lambrechts, Punt & Brand 2001, JSAVA 72(4) — ostrich chick mortality from hatching to 90 days journals.jsava.aosis.co.za Used in: Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing
  86. Commencement notice — GN 115, GG 44182, 24 February 2021 gov.za Used in: Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  87. Commission Regulation (EC) No 589/2008, Annex II §1(c) eur-lex.europa.eu Used in: The Range Birds Actually Use
  88. Conradie & Landman 2015 — SAJAE 43(1), wool versus mutton in Laingsburg scielo.org.za Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species, Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does
  89. Conradie & Nortjé 2008, Survey of beekeeping in South Africa, CSSR Working Paper 221, UCT open.uct.ac.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict, Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  90. Conradie, Matthews & Bahta 2024 — herding in the Free State, SA Journal of Agricultural Extension 52(5) scielo.org.za Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question, Where the Money Actually Goes, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  91. Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 cer.org.za Used in: The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water
  92. Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 — consolidated regulations, GN R1048 of 1984 as amended laws.ewt.org.za Used in: Build Your Farm File, Soil Form as a Water Forecast, Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line
  93. Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 — departmental text nda.agric.za Used in: Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line
  94. Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 — regulations (GN R1048/1984 as amended) cer.org.za Used in: LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table, Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks, Bush and Shrub Encroachment, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water, Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep, Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  95. Craig A.F. et al., 'Detection of African Swine Fever Virus in Ornithodoros Tick Species', Viruses 2022;14(8):1617 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol
  96. CSIR — Valuation of pollinator forage services provided by Eucalyptus cladocalyx researchspace.csir.co.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  97. Cupido, C.F. 2005, Assessment of veld utilisation practices and veld condition in the Little Karoo (MSc, Stellenbosch) scholar.sun.ac.za Used in: Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy
  98. DAFF/DALRRD — Controlled and Notifiable Animal Diseases (departmental leaflet) dlrrd.gov.za Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law, Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow
  99. DAFF/DALRRD VPN/04/2012-01 Revision 6.0 — ostrich compartment standard elsenburg.com Used in: Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing, Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow
  100. Daily Maverick, 12 January 2022 — alarm sounded on shortage of livestock vaccines dailymaverick.co.za Used in: Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  101. Daily Maverick, 14 August 2025 — regenerative farming in the SA wool industry dailymaverick.co.za Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed, Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species
  102. Daily Maverick, 22 June 2021 — Honeybees are disappearing overnight dailymaverick.co.za Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  103. Dairy Standard Agency dairystandard.co.za Used in: Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position
  104. DALRRD — Avian Influenza H5 and H7 update report, 31 March 2026 nda.gov.za Used in: HPAI and the Predator Tax, Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl
  105. DALRRD — Control measures relating to honey-bees (brochure) nda.gov.za Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone, Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  106. DALRRD — Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak report, 31 March 2026 nda.gov.za Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law, Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species, ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol, Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  107. DALRRD — list of controlled and notifiable animal diseases, 30 October 2023 nda.gov.za Used in: HPAI and the Predator Tax, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl
  108. DALRRD — long-term grazing capacity map for South Africa dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Build Your Farm File
  109. DALRRD — Newcastle disease factsheet nda.gov.za Used in: Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl
  110. DALRRD Bovine Brucellosis Manual, September 2016 nda.gov.za Used in: Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist
  111. DALRRD departmental copy of the same VPN/04 standard nda.gov.za Used in: Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow
  112. DALRRD Goat Market Value Chain Profile 2023 webapps1.daff.gov.za Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market, Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position
  113. DALRRD VPN 08 — registration of hunters harvesting wild game for export dlrrd.gov.za Used in: Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully
  114. DALRRD, A Profile of the South African Ostrich Market Value Chain 2023 webapps1.daff.gov.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy, Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing, Compartmentalisation: a Disease System Any Farmer Can Borrow, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  115. DALRRD, African Swine Fever Disease Management Strategy, Final 2024-07 nda.gov.za Used in: Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law, ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol, Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  116. DALRRD, African swine fever outbreak and surveillance update report, 31 March 2026 nda.gov.za Used in: ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol
  117. DALRRD, Long Term Grazing Capacity Map for South Africa 2016 — background document agis.nda.agric.za Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, Build Your Farm File, Soil Form as a Water Forecast, LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table, Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, Bush and Shrub Encroachment, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, Building a Fodder Flow Budget, The Written Drought Trigger, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow, Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument, Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law, Draught Oxen and Animal Traction, What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed, Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep, Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy, Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  118. David Black — SA Beekeeping Challenges (Allsopp & Cooper pers. comm. 2016) climatefruitandwine.co.za Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  119. de Kock et al., Journal of the South African Veterinary Association — Distribution and habitats of Lymnaea truncatula in South Africa journals.jsava.aosis.co.za Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment
  120. De Waal, H.O. (2025) — Nutrition of ruminant livestock grazing natural pasture, with special reference to supplementary phosphorus and sodium chloride: a South African perspective, SAJAS 55(10) scielo.org.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal
  121. Description of a method for assessing veld condition in the Karoo, AJRFS 14(3), 1997 tandfonline.com Used in: Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit
  122. Development Southern Africa — draught animal use in the former Ciskei and Transkei tandfonline.com Used in: Draught Oxen and Animal Traction
  123. DFFE — Applying for freshwater aquaculture permits dffe.gov.za Used in: Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  124. DFFE — NEMBA Alien and Invasive Species List, GN 1003, Gazette 43726 dffe.gov.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  125. DFFE, South Africa's Aquaculture Yearbook 2024 (2023 data) dffe.gov.za Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict, Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  126. Donkeys as livestock guardians against predators in an African savanna — European Journal of Wildlife Research 2026 link.springer.com Used in: Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  127. Donkeys for Africa — Welfare of Donkeys in South Africa, February 2026 donkeysforafrica.org Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  128. Draft Rabbit Meat Regulations, GG 52384 of 28 March 2025 gov.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, Rabbits: the Enterprise With No Lawful Route
  129. Du Plessis & Hoffman 2007 — SA Journal of Animal Science 37(3):1–12 scielo.org.za Used in: Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument
  130. du Preez, van Huyssteen & Mnkeni 2011, South African Journal of Science — land use and soil organic matter in South Africa scielo.org.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, The Water Cycle Under Grazing, Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned, Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit
  131. du Preez, van Huyssteen & Mnkeni 2011, South African Journal of Science — land use and soil organic matter, part 2 scielo.org.za Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement
  132. du Toit, Snyman & Malan 2011 — SAJAS 41(3), physical impact of sheep grazing on arid Karoo rangeland scielo.org.za Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed
  133. DWAF South African Water Quality Guidelines, 2nd ed. 1996, Volume 5: Agricultural Use — Livestock Watering dws.gov.za Used in: Build Your Farm File, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water
  134. DWAF, SA Water Quality Guidelines Vol 6: Agricultural Use — Aquaculture, 2nd ed. 1996 dws.gov.za Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict, Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  135. Early-season frequent burns and soil organic carbon at the same experiment, African Journal of Ecology 2025 onlinelibrary.wiley.com Used in: The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned, Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks
  136. Ecolex — Control measures relating to honey-bees, GN No. R.858 of 2013 ecolex.org Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  137. Economics of landscape restoration, Ecosystem Services sciencedirect.com Used in: Bush and Shrub Encroachment
  138. Effect of protective coats on physiological parameters of Angora goats in cold, wet, windy conditions (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
  139. EIA Regulations Listing Notice 1 of 2014 (as amended), via the Centre for Environmental Rights cer.org.za Used in: Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  140. EIA Regulations Listing Notice 3 of 2014, via the Centre for Environmental Rights cer.org.za Used in: Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  141. Ellery, Scholes & Mentis, African Journal of Range & Forage Science 12(1), 1995 tandfonline.com Used in: Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall
  142. Elsenburg Infopak — Central Karoo veld management elsenburg.com Used in: LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep
  143. Endangered Wildlife Trust, 24 February 2026 — grassland carbon project VCU issuance ewt.org Used in: SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget
  144. Enzootic stability indicator study — herd seroprevalence for bovine anaplasmosis sciencedirect.com Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture
  145. Erasmus et al. 2025 — heat stress in dairy cows, SASAS review sasas.co.za Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law
  146. Evaluating veld condition index: how many samples are enough? researchgate.net Used in: Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat
  147. Evaluation of the wheel-point and step-point methods, African Journal of Range & Forage Science ajol.info Used in: Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit
  148. Extension of Security of Tenure Act 62 of 1997 (full text) gov.za Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  149. FACTS SA — how organic is regulated in South Africa factssa.com Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime
  150. FAO — Feeding standards and ruminant intake on low-quality roughage fao.org Used in: The Winter Protein Collapse
  151. Farmer's Weekly — beware of blowfly strike farmersweekly.co.za Used in: The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
  152. Farmer's Weekly — how to provide enough water for your herd farmersweekly.co.za Used in: Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere
  153. Farmer's Weekly — Man, Cattle and Veld (Johann Zietsman) farmersweekly.co.za Used in: Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument
  154. Farmer's Weekly — Merino sheep: sacrificing size for superior wool farmersweekly.co.za Used in: Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI
  155. Farmer's Weekly South Africa — Better parasite control farmersweekly.co.za Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment
  156. Feedipedia — Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) feedipedia.org Used in: Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, Building a Fodder Flow Budget
  157. Feedtek — Summer supplementation on sourveld grazing feedtek.co.za Used in: The Winter Protein Collapse, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling
  158. Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act 36 of 1947 (SAHPRA record) sahpra.org.za Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal
  159. Fey & Hughes — principles of soil classification and the future of the South African system tandfonline.com Used in: Soil Form as a Water Forecast
  160. Firmat et al. 2013, PLoS ONE — hybridisation and the threat status of Oreochromis mossambicus doi.org Used in: Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  161. Food For Mzansi — Feedlot systems and the fattening of lambs foodformzansi.co.za Used in: Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT
  162. Food For Mzansi — understanding the Meat Safety Act foodformzansi.co.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime
  163. Food For Mzansi — weekly stock theft reports (SAPS Q4 2025/26) foodformzansi.co.za Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill, Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  164. Franke & Kotzé 2022, Outlook on Agriculture — High-density grazing in southern Africa journals.sagepub.com Used in: SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget
  165. Free Farrowing — improving piglet survival freefarrowing.org Used in: Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  166. Frequency of defoliation of T. triandra in Eastern Cape False Thornveld, JGSSA 6(1), 1989 tandfonline.com Used in: Recovery Period Is the Design Variable
  167. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2023 frontiersin.org Used in: Bush and Shrub Encroachment
  168. Game fencing installation price list (one Gauteng installer) thehandymanjohannesburg.co.za Used in: Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully
  169. Game Theft Act 105 of 1991 — Juta consolidated full text laws.ewt.org Used in: Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully, Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List
  170. GN 971, Government Gazette 41100 of 8 September 2017 — new long-term grazing capacity map published for comment under CARA cer.org.za Used in: The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table
  171. gov.za record of the 2017 grazing capacity map notice gov.za Used in: The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table
  172. Government Gazette 47133, GN 2318 of 29 July 2022 — Animal Diseases Regulations amendment gov.za Used in: Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping, Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law, Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist, Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  173. Graham, Barrett & Brown 2020, Royal Society Open Science 7(4):192025 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Bush and Shrub Encroachment, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  174. Grandin on Bud Williams' low-stress handling methods grandin.com Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow
  175. Grobler, Scholtz, Greyling & Neser 2014 — SAJAS scielo.org.za Used in: Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever
  176. GroundUp, 22 January 2021 — To bee or not to bee: SA beekeepers face tough odds groundup.org.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict, Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  177. Haughey — perinatal lamb mortality, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association journals.jsava.aosis.co.za Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window
  178. Hawkins 2017, African Journal of Range & Forage Science 34(2) — meta-analysis of high-production grazing umzimvubu.org Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, The Water Cycle Under Grazing, Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  179. Hayward, C.T. (2021), The financial implications of regenerative agriculture in the Southern Cape, MAgricAdmin, Stellenbosch University scholar.sun.ac.za Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm
  180. Hendricks & Masehela 2024, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 13(1) crimejusticejournal.com Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  181. Herdscape — five performance indicators every livestock farmer should track (African Farming, 22 July 2026) africanfarming.com Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget, The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  182. Herselman & Smith — energy requirements of Angora goats (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
  183. Hlokoe, Tyasi & Mbazima 2026 — PLoS One 21(1):e0340483, University of Limpopo pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics
  184. Hoffman L.C., Styger W.F., Brand T.S. & Muller M. (2005), 'The growth, carcass yield, physical and chemical characteristics of two South African indigenous pig breeds', SA-Anim Sci 6:25–35 sasas.co.za Used in: Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
  185. Honey Buzz, 23 March 2025 — How to profit from raw honey and honeycomb with small-scale beekeeping honeybuzz.co.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  186. Hoon & Snyman — hair production and lifetime income in Angora ewes (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  187. Hortgro — Pollination and the deciduous fruit industry, 29 April 2021 hortgro.co.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  188. Hortgro — Pollination pricing 2023 hortgro.co.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  189. Huchzermeyer & van der Waal (2012), 'Epizootic ulcerative syndrome', JSAVA 83(1) doi.org Used in: Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  190. Hugo A. & Roodt E. (2015), 'Fat quality of South African pigs with different carcass classification characteristics', SAJAS 45(3) scielo.org.za Used in: Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
  191. Human factors facilitating the spread of a parasitic honey bee in South Africa (PubMed 16573317) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  192. Indigenous Goat Production Handbook, revised edition 2018 (Mdukatshani, HPSA, DRDLR, KZN DARD) iga-goatworld.com Used in: Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep, Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market, Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  193. Interception losses and rainfall partitioning under woody encroachment, southern African savanna ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Water Cycle Under Grazing, Bush and Shrub Encroachment
  194. IOL, 22 October 2021 — SA's beekeeping is up 400%, but is it still poised to fail? iol.co.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  195. Iowa State University — pig crushing mortality by hut type in outdoor farrowing extension.iastate.edu Used in: Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  196. J.D. Scott — Veld Burning in Natal talltimbers.org Used in: Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks
  197. J.L. Vosloo — The Dohne Merino in South Africa dohne.com.au Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed
  198. Jacobs & Scholtz 2015, Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research — macrocyclic lactones and dung fauna ojvr.org Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths
  199. Jammer, Lombard & Jordaan 2025 — Veterinary and Animal Science 29:100472 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Written Drought Trigger, Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception
  200. Jordaan et al. 2021 — cow productivity in South African beef systems, Frontiers in Animal Science 2:743229 frontiersin.org Used in: LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, The Winter Protein Collapse, Building a Fodder Flow Budget, Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow, Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument, Draught Oxen and Animal Traction
  201. Journal of Integrated Pest Management — Biology and management of small hive beetles academic.oup.com Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  202. Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory — A possible fallacy of anaplasmosis control ksvdl.org Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture
  203. Keokilwe et al. 2015, Bacterial enteritis in ostrich chicks in the Western Cape, Poultry Science 94(6) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing
  204. Kirkman, Morris & van der Merwe — 60 years of southern African rangeland research (The Conversation) theconversation.com Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow
  205. Kirkman, Morris & van der Merwe — nearly six decades of Grassland Society grazing research, AJRFS 42(1), 2024 tandfonline.com Used in: Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned
  206. Kotzé, E. (2015), Response of soil properties to rangeland use in Grassland and Savanna biomes of South Africa, PhD thesis, University of the Free State scholar.ufs.ac.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Soil Form as a Water Forecast, The Water Cycle Under Grazing, Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere
  207. KZN DARD — electric fencing in agriculture kzndard.gov.za Used in: Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere, Where the Money Actually Goes
  208. KZN DARD — The use of Fire in KwaZulu-Natal Mistbelt and Highland Sourveld kzndard.gov.za Used in: Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks
  209. Labour Guide — national minimum wage increase effective 1 March 2026 labourguide.co.za Used in: Where the Money Actually Goes, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  210. Lal, Carbon Management — soil carbon sequestration potential of grazing lands tandfonline.com Used in: SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock
  211. Lambrechts, Swart, Cloete, Greyling & van Schalkwyk 2004, SAJAS 34(2) — stocking rate and male:female ratio in breeding ostriches scielo.org.za Used in: Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing
  212. Lamsiekte history — Journal of the South African Veterinary Association (SciELO) scielo.org.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling
  213. Land (MDPI) 2020 — nitrogen use in SA kikuyu-ryegrass dairy pasture mdpi.com Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law
  214. Land Bank, Livestock Enterprise Budget 2023/24 (v2) landbank.co.za Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere, The Winter Protein Collapse, Building a Fodder Flow Budget, The Written Drought Trigger, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, Where the Money Actually Goes, Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget, Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument, Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species, Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market, Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position, Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  215. Le Maitre et al. 2016, Water SA — impacts of invasive alien plants on water flows in South Africa scielo.org.za Used in: The Water Cycle Under Grazing, Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water
  216. Le Roux & Smith, Grain SA, November 2014 — soil erosion in South Africa grainsa.co.za Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water, Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law
  217. Leask, Pettey & Bath — afebrile heartwater-like syndrome in goats, JSAVA 84(1) 2013 scielo.org.za Used in: Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  218. Legal Metrology Act 9 of 2014, Schedule 1 acts.co.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  219. LitNet — the SA legal framework for raw milk intended for direct consumption litnet.co.za Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law
  220. LWCC Animal Welfare (Milking Goats) Code of Welfare 2013 lwcc.org.za Used in: Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position
  221. Makhanya L.G., Phenotypic and reproductive characterisation of Kolbroek pigs, MTech, Central University of Technology Free State cutscholar.cut.ac.za Used in: Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  222. Mapholi et al. 2022 — Veterinary World 15(8):1943–1953 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument
  223. Marais — condensed tannins and proline-rich salivary proteins (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep
  224. Marais & Roux — comparison of rumen fermentation in sheep and goats (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep
  225. Marais & Roux — utilisation of different diets by goats and sheep (GADI/Grootfontein) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep
  226. Marais & Scheltema I — Adelaide Boer goat flock, birth type and kid mortality (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market
  227. Marais & Scheltema II — age-specific reproduction and survivorship (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market
  228. Marani Emu Products — 'About Emus' marani.co.za Used in: Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings
  229. Masehela et al. — An assessment of different beekeeping practices in South Africa researchgate.net Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  230. Mavundela, Dzemo & Thekisoe 2025 — anthelmintic resistance in communal sheep, Eastern Cape pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
  231. McCrindle et al. 2019 — bull breeding soundness at Moretele, JSAVA 90:a1966 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception
  232. McManus et al. 2015 — dead or alive? costs and benefits of lethal and non-lethal mitigation, Oryx 49(4):687–695 cambridge.org Used in: Where the Money Actually Goes, Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window, Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  233. Meat Inspection Scheme — GN 634 in GG 40965 of 7 July 2017 lawexplorer.co.za Used in: Rabbits: the Enterprise With No Lawful Route
  234. Meat Inspection Scheme GN 634 of 2017, ch. 16.4 — game meat and wild ostriches source.acts.co.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully
  235. Meat Safety Act 40 of 2000 — full text including Schedule 1 faolex.fao.org Used in: Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl, Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings
  236. Meat Safety Act 40 of 2000 (full text, gov.za) gov.za Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling, Meat Goats, Indigenous Veld Goats and the Live-Goat Market, ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol, Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl, Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings, Owning and Disposing of Game Lawfully, Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade, Rabbits: the Enterprise With No Lawful Route, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  237. Meat Safety Act 40 of 2000 (gov.za document page) gov.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime
  238. Melin, Rouget, Midgley & Donaldson 2014, South African Journal of Science scielo.org.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  239. Merck Veterinary Manual, Infectious Diseases of Ratites merckvetmanual.com Used in: Ostrich Chicks, Breeding Density and Finishing
  240. Meyer & Schmiedel 2025 — The grazing paradox, AJRFS 43(1) tandfonline.com Used in: The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned
  241. Meyerton climate summary (weatherandclimate.com) weatherandclimate.com Used in: Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, Build Your Farm File, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  242. Milk SA — Dairy Digits, January 2026 milksa.co.za Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law
  243. Milk SA — Kikuyu for dairying milksa.co.za Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law
  244. Milk SA / MPO — buffer and wetland management guideline for pasture dairy farms research.milksa.co.za Used in: Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line
  245. Mills & Fey 2004, Soil Use and Management — vegetation cover and soil crusting in South Africa bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Used in: The Water Cycle Under Grazing
  246. Minister John Steenhuisen — BEECON 2025 address, 4 June 2025 gov.za Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  247. Minister Steenhuisen on stock theft, gov.za media statement, 27 June 2025 gov.za Used in: Where the Money Actually Goes
  248. Minnie (2016) PhD thesis, Nelson Mandela University dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za Used in: Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does
  249. Minnie, Gaylard & Kerley 2016 — Journal of Applied Ecology besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window, Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does
  250. Mohair SA — Responsible Mohair Standard mohair.co.za Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  251. Mohair SA auction report archive mohair.co.za Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  252. Mohair SA market report, sale of 2 June 2026 (catalogue 202607) mohair.co.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  253. Mohair South Africa — Responsible Mohair Standard mohair.co.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product
  254. Mokolobate, Scholtz & Calitz (ARC), Applied Animal Husbandry & Rural Development 10:17–20, 2017 sasas.co.za Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table, Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, Building a Fodder Flow Budget, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow, Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument, Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse
  255. Momberg et al. 2023 — kraals or bomas increase soil carbon and fertility across several biomes, African Journal of Range & Forage Science tandfonline.com Used in: Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths
  256. Montsu K.P. et al., 'Biosecurity risks for African swine fever occurrence in smallholder systems in Gauteng', OJVR 2026;93(1):a2235 ojvr.org Used in: ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol
  257. Mphahlele, Tsotetsi-Khambule, Moerane, Komape & Thekisoe (2021), Veterinary World 14(2) — Limpopo sheep veterinaryworld.org Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
  258. MSD Animal Health South Africa — Karoo paralysis msd-animal-health.co.za Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture
  259. MSD Animal Health South Africa — Preparing ewes for breeding msd-animal-health.co.za Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window
  260. Muchenje, Dzama, Chimonyo, Raats & Strydom 2008 — Meat Science 79(1):20–28 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument
  261. Muller et al. 2025 — game auction and trophy price trends 1991–2022 (SANBI OPUS) opus.sanbi.org Used in: Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse
  262. NAMC Poultry Products Price Monitor, Issue 25, June 2026 namc.co.za Used in: Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics
  263. National Horseracing Authority — African horse sickness nhra.co.za Used in: Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  264. National Minimum Wage Act 9 of 2018 gov.za Used in: Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  265. National Veld and Forest Fire Act 101 of 1998 (GG 19515, 27 Nov 1998) gov.za Used in: Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  266. National Water Act 36 of 1998 gov.za Used in: The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  267. National Water Act 36 of 1998, full text dws.gov.za Used in: Build Your Farm File, Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere, The Written Drought Trigger, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water
  268. Ndzungu, Ngoshe & Jaja 2025, Trop Anim Health Prod 57(8):418 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill, Where the Money Actually Goes, Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does, Paying for It: People, Tenure and the Money
  269. NEMBA Alien and Invasive Species Regulations, GN R1020 in GG 43735, 25 September 2020 laws.ewt.org Used in: Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist, Your Legal Duties to the Land: CARA, NEMBA and Water, Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  270. NICD — anthrax measures to prevent human exposure in South Africa nicd.ac.za Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report, Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist
  271. Nkadimeng et al. 2022 — reproductive benchmarks for smallholder beef herds in South Africa, Animals 12(21):3003 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm
  272. Nketiah et al. 2024 — drought-induced cattle destocking in South Africa, Jàmbá jamba.org.za Used in: Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, The Written Drought Trigger
  273. Norms and Standards for the Management of Damage-Causing Animals, GN 512 in GG 40236 — summary shangoni.co.za Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window, Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List, Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  274. North West Department of Agriculture and Rural Development — Lick supplementation for beef cattle dard.nwpg.gov.za Used in: The Winter Protein Collapse, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling
  275. NWGA — advisory services nwga.co.za Used in: Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI
  276. NWGA — RWS and SCWS: a view on South African wool's sustainability standards nwga.co.za Used in: Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI
  277. NWU TREES national biltong hunter survey, 2022/3 season natshoot.co.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse
  278. Nyangiwe et al., Journal of the South African Veterinary Association — Range expansion of Rhipicephalus microplus in South Africa pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping
  279. O'Reagain & Turner 1992 — evaluation of grazing trials in southern Africa, JGSSA 9(1) tandfonline.com Used in: The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned
  280. Okoro, Ravhuhali, Mapholio, Mbajiorgu & Mbajiorgu 2017 — S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 47(2) scielo.org.za Used in: Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics
  281. Onderstepoort trial — Control of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats using Duddingtonia flagrans with selective treatment sciencedirect.com Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment
  282. Open-Meteo ERA5 reanalysis archive, Meyerton, daily maxima and minima 1995–2024 archive-api.open-meteo.com Used in: Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  283. Overberg Agri — Sheep production cycle, key insights and management tips overbergagri.co.za Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window
  284. Parasitology (Cambridge) — Resistance rather than tolerance explains survival of savannah honeybees cambridge.org Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
  285. Peace Parks Foundation — the transformative impact of Herding for Health peaceparks.org Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question
  286. PETA mohair investigation (2018) investigations.peta.org Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
  287. Phillips, Moon, Sorge & Heins 2020 — Animals 10(12):2429 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Range Birds Actually Use, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths
  288. PigCHAMP, South Africa 2023 benchmark summaries pigchamp.com Used in: Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs
  289. Plant communities and veld condition, Glencoe farm, north-eastern Cape grasslands sciencedirect.com Used in: Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat
  290. Plant Ecology & Diversity, 2025 — fire and herbivory in mesic grassland tandfonline.com Used in: Bush and Shrub Encroachment
  291. PMC6527567 — Increased response to sequential infestations by socially parasitic Cape honeybee workers ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  292. Poultry Regulations, GN R153 of 24 February 2006 gov.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl, Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings
  293. Predation Management Forum pmfsa.co.za Used in: Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List, Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does
  294. Predation Management Forum — leg-holding devices (gin traps) pmfsa.co.za Used in: Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List
  295. Predation management law in South Africa — general summary southafrica.co.za Used in: Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List
  296. Rainfall pattern effects on crusting, infiltration and erodibility, S Afr J Plant Soil scielo.org.za Used in: The Water Cycle Under Grazing
  297. regenagsa.org.za — stocking rate page (South African regenerative sector) regenagsa.org.za Used in: Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow
  298. Registrar, Act 36 of 1947 — Guidelines on the management of the risk of Agricultural Remedies on insect pollinators, May 2017 croplife.co.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  299. Registration of Karoo Lamb / Karoo Lam as a South African Geographical Indication, Notice 3992 in GG 49556, 27 October 2023 gov.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product, Wool Marketing, Certification and the Karoo Lamb GI
  300. Regulations R.835 of 25 August 2000 — grading, packing and marking of honey and mixtures of bee products highveldhoney.co.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  301. Regulations Relating to Milk and Dairy Products, GN R.1555 of 21 November 1997 (Department of Health consolidated text) health.gov.za Used in: Pasture Dairy and the Raw-Milk Law, Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position
  302. Regulations relating to the grading, packing and marking of eggs, GN R345 of 20 March 2020, under the Agricultural Product Standards Act 119 of 1990 gov.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime, The Range Birds Actually Use, Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths
  303. Responses of Themeda triandra to frequent defoliation, nitrogen and water (Oecologia) link.springer.com Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement
  304. Review of existing knowledge on soil crusting in South Africa researchgate.net Used in: Soil Form as a Water Forecast, The Water Cycle Under Grazing, Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat
  305. Revisiting the benefits of animal traction to subsistence smallholder farmers — Ndabakazi Villages, Butterworth, Eastern Cape researchgate.net Used in: Draught Oxen and Animal Traction
  306. Rikhotso, Stoltsz, Bryson & Sommerville (2005), Journal of the South African Veterinary Association journals.jsava.aosis.co.za Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture, Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping, Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  307. Rowswell — danger periods for newly shorn Angora goats, Karoo Agric Vol 3 No 5, 1985 (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
  308. RPO — weekly cattle and sheep market report rpo.co.za Used in: Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series
  309. RPO — Weekly market report, Week 04 2026 rpo.co.za Used in: Building a Fodder Flow Budget, Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series
  310. RPO carcass prices rpo.co.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, Which Enterprise? The Five Gates, The Written Drought Trigger, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, What You May Lawfully Call Your Product, Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget, The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling, Draught Oxen and Animal Traction, The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
  311. Rust, Whitehouse-Tedd & MacMillan 2013 — perceived efficacy of livestock-guarding dogs in South Africa, Wildlife Society Bulletin 37(4):690–697 doi.org Used in: Where the Money Actually Goes
  312. Rust, Whitehouse-Tedd & MacMillan 2013 — Wildlife Society Bulletin 37(4):690–697 wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Used in: Reproduction, Lambing and the Predation Window, Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  313. RuVASA — African horse sickness movement control protocol index ruvasa.co.za Used in: Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  314. SA Crime Quarterly 74 (2025) — livestock theft dynamics scielo.org.za Used in: Where the Money Actually Goes
  315. SA Grain — Smuts finger grass (Digitaria eriantha), integrated crop and pasture systems part 3 sagrainmag.co.za Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, Building a Fodder Flow Budget
  316. SA Grain — top tips for burning veld (16 September 2020) sagrainmag.co.za Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks, Bush and Shrub Encroachment
  317. SA Milch Goat Breeders' Society milkgoats.co.za Used in: Dairy Goats and Cashmere: the Honest Position
  318. SA Smallholder — 'Keeping Quails For Profit', 15 December 2021 sasmallholder.co.za Used in: Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  319. SA Smallholder — Multi-species grazing sasmallholder.co.za Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow
  320. SA Stud Book — single-step genomic evaluation and Logix studbook.co.za Used in: Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument
  321. SABS — SANS 994-2:2012, Ratite farming Part 2: Emu store.sabs.co.za Used in: Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings
  322. SAMIC — mandate samic.co.za Used in: Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
  323. SAMIC — meat classification audits samic.co.za Used in: Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling, Draught Oxen and Animal Traction
  324. SANBI — African honeybee sanbi.org Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  325. SANBI — Burning for Biodiversity: guidelines for patch mosaic burning sanbi.org Used in: Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks
  326. SANBI — Cape honeybee sanbi.org Used in: The Line, the Law and the Capensis Clone
  327. SANBI — Gums for Bees: a roadmap for landowners in South Africa sanbi.org Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  328. SANBI — Information sheet: Eucalyptus trees as honey bee forage, 19 November 2014 sanbi.org Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  329. SANBI — Ixodes rubicundus, the Karoo paralysis tick sanbi.org Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture
  330. SANBI / Working for Wetlands — South Africa's national wetland rehabilitation programme researchgate.net Used in: Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line
  331. SANBI PlantZAfrica — Digitaria eriantha pza.sanbi.org Used in: Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement
  332. SAnews — first permit issued to vaccinate against avian influenza sanews.gov.za Used in: HPAI and the Predator Tax
  333. SAnews — national minimum wage increase effective 1 March 2026 sanews.gov.za Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question, Fire: the Two Jobs and the Legal Checks
  334. SAnews.gov.za sanews.gov.za Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  335. SAPA — Management of Commercial Layers in Southern Africa sapoultry.co.za Used in: The Range Birds Actually Use
  336. SAPA Code of Practice 2022 sapoultry.co.za Used in: The Range Birds Actually Use, HPAI and the Predator Tax, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys and Guinea Fowl
  337. SAPA Industry Profile 2023 sapoultry.co.za Used in: The Abattoir Rule Most Smallholders Break, Records, Carbon and Rebuilding a Broken Budget, The Legal Route to Market and the Egg-Carton Regime, The Range Birds Actually Use, HPAI and the Predator Tax, Breeds, Indigenous Chickens and Worked Economics, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths, Quail and Emus: Two Market Warnings
  338. SAPS Stock Theft Unit brochure (Kwanalu) kwanalu.co.za Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill
  339. SASRI Information Sheet 1.3 — understanding and managing wetlands sasri.org.za Used in: Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line
  340. SAVA — Veterinary Drug Control in South Africa (2019) sava.co.za Used in: The Winter Protein Collapse, Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law
  341. SAVA-endorsed bull breeding soundness certification standard — Theriogenology pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: The Breeding Season, the Bull and Reconception
  342. Scholtz, M.M. & Jordaan, F.J. (2025), Biological factors that affect feedlot profit in South Africa, Applied Animal Husbandry & Rural Development 18:17–20 sasas.co.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, Reading Price Signals: the Grid and the Series, Reproduction Is the Biggest Economic Lever, Breeds and the Veld-Adapted Cow Argument
  343. Scientific Assessment of Livestock Predation in South Africa (2018), Nelson Mandela University predsa.mandela.ac.za Used in: Predators and What Lethal Control Actually Does
  344. Sedina, Njoga & Oguttu (2026), Frontiers in Veterinary Science 13:1806890, 22 May 2026 frontiersin.org Used in: Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping
  345. SGS South Africa — analytical soil testing sgs.com Used in: Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock
  346. Shepstone et al. 2025, SA Journal of Animal Science 55(7) — wildlife substitution equivalents scielo.org.za Used in: Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit
  347. Shepstone, van Rooyen, van Rooyen, Bothma & Burroughs 2025 — Wildlife substitution equivalents based on metabolisable energy, SAJAS 55(7) scielo.org.za Used in: LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, Two Ledgers: Grazing and Browse
  348. Shongwe N.A. et al., 'Knowledge, practices and seroprevalence of Taenia species in smallholder farms in Gauteng', PLOS ONE 2020;15(12):e0244055 journals.plos.org Used in: ASF, FMD and the Suspicion Protocol
  349. Short-duration overnight cattle kraaling in natural rangelands (PMC9049567) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question
  350. Snyman — Angora × Boer composite does at Jansenville (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  351. Snyman — pre-weaning kid mortality in Angora studs (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
  352. Snyman — reproduction benchmarks and dam age effects in Angora studs (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Mohair Price Structure and Flock Design
  353. Snyman & Herselman 2005 — SAJAS 35(2), Afrino, Dorper and Merino in the False Upper Karoo scielo.org.za Used in: What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed
  354. Snyman & van Heerden — coats for goats (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
  355. Soil Use and Management — outdoor pigs, soil carbon and nutrient dynamics bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Used in: Rooting as Tillage, and the Swill Law
  356. Soji & Muchenje 2017, South African Journal of Animal Science — the SA carcass classification system scielo.org.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product
  357. South African Antimicrobial Resistance National Strategy Framework: A One Health Approach 2018–2024 health.gov.za Used in: Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law
  358. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension — extensive land-reform livestock farmers and the 2018/19 drought, Bloemfontein grassland biome scielo.org.za Used in: The Written Drought Trigger
  359. South African Sheepdog Association sasda.za.net Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question, Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  360. South African Veterinary Council — Day 1 Skills for the Animal Health Technician (November 2023) savc.org.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, Vaccines, the Cold Chain and the Label Is the Law, Compulsory Measures and the Welfare Checklist
  361. Southern African Wildlife College on the Herding for Health four-year evaluation (Mudongo et al. 2025) wildlifecollege.org.za Used in: Herding, Kraaling and the Labour Question
  362. Southerns Beekeeping Association — Amount of honey produced by South African honey bees beekeepers.co.za Used in: Nectar Is Grazing: Forage, Pesticides and the Eucalyptus Conflict
  363. Spickett, de Villiers et al. — copper oxide wire particles in communal goats, Bergville KZN pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
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  365. Stock Theft Act 57 of 1959 justice.gov.za Used in: Marking, Identification and the Four-Document Movement Drill, The Compliance Calendar and the Monitoring Set
  366. Systematic review — ticks and tick-borne pathogens of cattle reared by smallholder farmers in South Africa pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture
  367. Talore et al. 2016, Plant and Soil — season-of-grazing trial, arid Eastern Cape link.springer.com Used in: SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here
  368. Teague — rebuttal of Briske et al. rcsaustralia.com.au Used in: The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned
  369. Temple Grandin — Handling facility design principles grandin.com Used in: What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling
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  372. The Post, 24 August 2022 — ban on wool exports to China lifted after foot-and-mouth disease scare thepost.co.za Used in: The Sheep Enterprise: Margin, and the Risk That Comes from Another Species
  373. The Star, 1 May 2026 — ongoing donkey slaughter in South Africa thestar.co.za Used in: Working Equids: AHS, Harness and the Skin Trade
  374. Theiler — Lamsiekte (parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa (University of Pretoria repository) repository.up.ac.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal
  375. Tokozwayo et al. 2021, Applied Animal Husbandry & Rural Development 14(1) sasas.co.za Used in: Browse Budgets and Why Goats Are Not Small Sheep
  376. TOPIC SA — Woolworths free-range beef under the spotlight topicsa.org.za Used in: What You May Lawfully Call Your Product
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  378. Trollope, Trollope & Bosch 1990 — Veld and pasture management terminology in southern Africa researchgate.net Used in: LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal
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  380. UNEP — smart shepherding in South Africa unep.org Used in: Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  381. University of Pretoria — Impact of Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera scutellata colony development in South Africa repository.up.ac.za Used in: Varroa, Foulbrood, Siting and Theft
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  391. Van Ryssen — The multifactorial nature of trace nutrient nutrition (SASAS) sasas.co.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal
  392. Van Tol & Le Roux — hydropedological grouping of South African soil forms dsafrica.co.za Used in: Build Your Farm File, Soil Form as a Water Forecast, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere
  393. Van Wyk & Bath — The FAMACHA system, Veterinary Research 2002 vetres.org Used in: Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  394. Van Wyk et al., Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research — Production trials using the FAMACHA system for haemonchosis in sheep ojvr.org Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
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  396. Van Wyk JA & Bath GF (2002), Veterinary Research — The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment vetres.org Used in: Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
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  399. Venter, Cramer & Hawkins 2019 — 48 South African farms, fence-line contrasts across five biomes umzimvubu.org Used in: Land First: Why the Ground Comes Before the Animal, Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, Veld Condition Assessment You Will Actually Repeat, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere, The Contested Evidence, Steelmanned, Bush and Shrub Encroachment, Three Profit Equations and Three Denominators, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm
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  403. Virbac South Africa — Efficient tick control: the basics za.virbac.com Used in: Endemic Stability and the SA Tick Picture, Acaricide Resistance and the Move to Strategic Dipping
  404. Vitari — Agricultural insurance in South Africa vitari.co.za Used in: The Written Drought Trigger
  405. Voermol — The benefit of phosphate supplementation on production and reproduction voermol.co.za Used in: Minerals from Soil to Animal
  406. Voermol technical article — sweetveld vs sourveld veld management strategies voermol.co.za Used in: Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, Build Your Farm File, Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, The Winter Protein Collapse, Building a Fodder Flow Budget, What a Cow Does to Veld, and What Veld Does to a Cow, The Winter Lick, Classification and Handling
  407. Wandile Sihlobo, 15 December 2025 — The great South African honey puzzle wandilesihlobo.com Used in: Honey Standards, Pollination and What an Apiary Honestly Earns
  408. Water SA — water erosion prediction at a national scale for South Africa ajol.info Used in: Erosion, Wetlands and the Drainage Line
  409. Water SA 2024 — soil form and wetness indicators for wetland delineation doi.org Used in: Soil Form as a Water Forecast
  410. WCDoA, Oudtshoorn Research Farm elsenburg.com Used in: Why Oudtshoorn — and the Little Karoo Stocking-Rate Controversy
  411. WeatherSpark — average weather in Meyerton, year round weatherspark.com Used in: Build Your Farm File, The Range Birds Actually Use, The Delta Farms Worked Plan and Its Upper Bound
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  413. Wentzel — two decades of Angora goat research at Grootfontein (GADI) gadi.dalrrd.gov.za Used in: Angora Cold Mortality and the Shearing Decision
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  415. Western Cape Department of Agriculture (Elsenburg) Infopak — Basic guidelines to Veld Management, Overberg elsenburg.com Used in: The Seven Principles as Constraints, Not Slogans, Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, Build Your Farm File, LSU, SSU, GU, BU — and the Frame-Size Trap, The Capacity Map and the Legal LSU Table, Grazing Days, Density and the Elsenburg Overstock Reveal, Recovery Period Is the Design Variable, Designing the Grazing Plan: Paddocks, Water and the Piosphere, Planted Pasture and Veld Reinforcement, Building a Fodder Flow Budget, The Written Drought Trigger, What Sheep Do to Veld, and Choosing a Breed, Where You Are Starting: the Baseline Audit, The First-Year Plan That Does Not Break the Farm
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  417. Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Pork Monthly Report, Issue 2026/02 elsenburg.com Used in: Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality
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  420. Whitehouse-Tedd et al. 2020 — Biological Conservation 241:108249, reported livestock guarding dog–wildlife interactions doi.org Used in: Guardian Dogs, Herding Dogs and Alpacas
  421. Wickedfood Earth — pig breeding programme wickedfoodearth.co.za Used in: Where Did That Number Come From?, Kolbroek, the PORCUS Grid and Fat Quality, Outdoor Farrowing, Weaning Age and Who Actually Keeps Pigs, Choosing What to Run: the Enterprise Matrix
  422. Wildlife ACT — dung beetle functional guilds wildlifeact.com Used in: Four Farm Observations and the Dung Pat Clock, Move Interval, Parasites and the Pastured-Poultry Myths
  423. Withdrawal of the TOPS Regulations and Species List fullview.co.za Used in: Hunting Method Law and the Problem-Animal List
  424. WOAH — call for action on FMD SAT1 international spread, 15 April 2026 woah.org Used in: Controlled Disease and the Duty to Report
  425. wormx.info — Does diatomaceous earth have a role? wormx.info Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment
  426. wormx.info (American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control) — FAMACHA wormx.info Used in: Worms, Refugia and Targeted Selective Treatment, Does Your Remedy Still Work? FAMACHA and the FECRT, The Parasite Protocol and Sheep Scab Law
  427. WRC Technical Brief (Feb 2013), 'A manual for rural freshwater aquaculture' (TT 463P) wrc.org.za Used in: Fish: Water Quality, Feed Arithmetic and the Gate Sequence
  428. Yunker — Heartwater in sheep and goats: a review, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1996 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Heartwater, the Kidding Season and Handling Goats as Goats
  429. Zengeya et al. 2017, Bothalia 47(2) — managing conflict-generating invasive species in South Africa doi.org Used in: Fish: the Species Law and the Temperature Verdict
  430. Zhou et al. 2018, Scientific Reports — woody encroachment and soil organic carbon across a rainfall gradient pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Used in: Your Site: Biome, Veld Type and Rainfall, SA Soils and What Soil Carbon Really Does Here, Bush and Shrub Encroachment